Three-dimensional magnetic manipulation of micro-and nanostructures for applications in life sciences

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We present a magnetic manipulation system capable of 5 degree-of-freedom (5-DOF) wireless control of micro- and nanostructures (3-DOF position, 2-DOF pointing orientation). The system has a spherical workspace with a diameter of approximately 10 mm, and is completely unrestrained in the rotational degrees-of-freedom. This is accomplished through the superposition of multiple magnetic fields, and capitalizes on a linear representation of the coupled field contributions of multiple soft-magnetic-core electromagnets acting in concert. The system consists of 8 stationary electromagnets with ferromagnetic cores, and is capable of producing arbitrary magnetic fields and field gradients up to 50 mT and 5 T/m at frequencies up to 2 kHz. The capabilities of the system are evaluated through the introduction of the reachable magnetic workspace of the system as well as frequency response and calibration results …